Types of Methods
When assessing performance outcomes, there is a wide range of methods to choose from. Below is a partial list. Please note that the categorizations are not mutually exclusive, i.e. a direct measure can also be a summative one. Remember to consider multiple methods when doing assessment.
Direct assessment methods:
- Knowledge tests
- Gap analysis (delivered services vs. actual requirements)
- Analysis of service usage
Indirect assessment methods:
- Participant surveys
- Alumni interviews
- Institutional research data (e.g. graduation rate)
Absolute (non-value-added) assessment methods:
- Standardized tests
- Performance status evaluation
Value-added assessment methods:
- Pre/Post-implementation utilization data
- Entrance/Exit Interviews
Formative assessment methods:
- Student weekly “check-in” reports
- Routine feedback received from online comments
Summative assessment methods:
- Student participation rate
- Faculty post-implementation focus group
